In speech, we usually use indirect or reported speech to relay what somebody said. In indirect speech, words spoken by one person is reported in another place at a different time by a different person. In writing, it functions to move a piece along by boiling down points that an interview source made. There are three primary changes that may need to be made. Reported speech also called indirect speech relates what the person said, but does not use the exact words. After reading the rules of direct and indirect speech, you need to shift your focus more and more on the practice sets. The president declared that he would not bear corruption in the country at any cost. Directquoted speech, involves quoting the exact words uttered by the person, within inverted commas or quotation marks.
When the main idea of a speakers words is reported by another person and the exact words are not quoted, it is called indirect speech or reported speech. When the actual words of the speaker are reproduced, it is called direct speech. Lets first define the terms, then look at how to talk about what someone said, and how to convert speech from direct to indirect or viceversa. We have compiled complete information about direct and indirect speech in english grammar along with the practice questionsexercises and answers in pdf format for free download. Direct speech in direct speech, we repeat the original speakers exact words, e. However, both are attributed to the speaker because they come directly from a source. English grammar reported speech 1 reported speech direct and indirect or reported speech. Direct and indirect speech rules question verb free. If to is added with the reporting verb then in indirect speech it will be changed as per the rule below.
Page 1 direct and indirect speech rules pdf table of contents identify reported speech and reported speech direct and indirect speech punctuation rules use of conjunction that rules for changing pronouns in indirect speech indirect speech rules for all tenses rules for change in time and adverb in indirect speech. Reported speech worksheets, pdf exercises, handouts to print. They said, we are going to cinema direct speech they said that they were going to cinema. We can report a speakers thoughts and words in our own words, using conjunctions and changing pronouns, tenses and other words where necessary. Here the exact words of the speaker have been put within quotation marks. This is a handout i prepared for my students to learn reported speech.
Express check circle the correct words to complete these sentences. Cbse class 8 english grammar reported speech direct and indirect or reported speech there are two ways of reporting what a person has said. Also provides access to questions from students and teaching forum topics. See more ideas about reported speech, learn english and indirect speech. English grammar direct speech quoted speech and indirect. Out of the four alternatives, select the one which best expresses the same sentence in indirect speech. We report what they said, but we dont use their exact words.
Prepared by abdul rauf baloch government boys secondary school bhiroo village, uc1 gadap town karachi. Indirect speech what the speaker has said without using the exact words the teacher told rajesh that he had a bright future. Direct and indirect speech english grammar ef ef education first. Rahul asked me if i had seen the cricket match on tv the previous night. Reported or indirect speech is usually used to talk about the past, so we normally change the tense of the words spoken. Direct and indirect speech exercises with answers pdf. When we change direct to indirect speech, we usually change the tense of the verbs from the present forms to the past forms. Direct and indirect speech can be a source of confusion for english learners. The following examples will show you how simple and easy it is. Pronoun in indirect speech is changed according to speaker and hearer.
In the following questions, a sentence has been given in direct indirect. Typed by ozair ahmed baloch government boys primary school sammu village, uc1 gadap town karachi. The doctor told me go to go to bed at the same time every night. Indirect speech we may report what he said without quoting his exact words. These two ways of narration are called direct speech and indirect speech. If it is say, says, will say or said, in indirect speech also it will remain same say, says, will say or said. Because of this, there are many grammatical differences between direct and indirect speech. Indirect speech, the report uses the same words of the speaker, whereas, in indirect speech, one does not use the speakers exact words. I went out for dinner last night as more vivid and perceptually engaging than indirect speech e. Indirect speech indirectreported speech, on the other hand, does not have to be within quotes or reported wordtoword. Direct and reported speech worksheets really learn english.
Direct bob said, im going to see my mother tomorrow. Jul 23, 2010 must in reported speech if this is your first visit, be sure to check out the faq by clicking the link above. In case 2, the witness is reporting what the speaker has said matter and it is known as indirect speech. English grammar pdf worksheet on reported questions. Imperatives check point tick the doctors exact words. Aug 14, 2019 indirect speech is paraphrasing what someone said or wrote. For example, the literature suggests that people perceive direct speech e.
Reported speech 1 statements grammar intermediate to upper. Indirect speech should not be confused with indirect speech acts in grammar, indirect speech often makes use of certain. It depends on when we heard the direct speech and when we say the reported speech. If you have a sentence in direct speech, try to follow our 5 steps to put the sentence into reported speech mind the type of sentences when you use reported speech. Indirect speech is paraphrasing what someone said or wrote. In speech, we usually use indirect or reported speech to. Quoted and reported speech san jose state university. Introduction there are two ways of relating what a person has said. Unlike direct speech, indirect speech is not usually placed inside quote marks. Sometimes someone says a sentence, for example im going to the cinema tonight. We use reporting verbs like say, tell, ask, and we may use the word that to introduce the reported words. Turn these sentences with direct speech into those with indirect speech. I have forgotten to bring my textbook, said the boy. Direct and indirect speech exercise english grammar.
Indirect speech tends to be more complicated than direct speech because it requires certain changes in both english and french. Direct speech i am in my house now indirect speech he was in his house then conversion to indirect speech following are some golden rules and easy steps to convert direct indirect speech. When we use indirect speech, we are reporting what someone else said in a different time and situation. Here are 10 examples of direct and indirect speech in english. Usually indirect speech is introduced by the verb said, as in i said, bill said, or they said. In direct speech we repeat the original speakers exact words. Direct and indirect speech basic rules indirect speech for question sentence indirect speech for modals i. In these cases, the main verb in the reported sentence is put in the past. He said that it must be pretty late and he really must go. Out of the four alternatives suggested, select the one which best expresses the same sentence in direct indirect and mark your answer. Indirect speech definition and meaning collins english. Direct and indirect speech words spoken by a person can be reported to another person in two ways.
Later, maybe we want to tell someone else what the first person said. It is not necessary to learn complicated rules about indirect speech in english, because most of the. When direct speech changes to reported speech usually the first and second person change to the third person, the present tense changes to the past tense and the adverbs showing nearness in time and position are replaced by adverbs that show distance in time and position. If you use reported speech there are mostly two main differences. Click here for a list of reported speech exercises. Direct and indirect speech exercise ii english practice. Indirect speech is a means of expressing the content of statements, questions or other utterances, without quoting them explicitly as is done in direct speech. This is because when we use reported speech, we are usually talking about a time in the past because obviously the person who spoke originally. Oct 28, 2017 cbse class 8 english grammar reported speech direct and indirect or reported speech there are two ways of reporting what a person has said. Direct and indirect speech complete general english grammar material pdf free download for competitive exams with practice questions exercise and answers. Expression of time you need to change expression of.
If the past form of modal verbs would, could, might, and should is used in the direct speech, we do not change them in the indirect speech. This page will help you to understand basics of direct indirect speech with easy understanding. Sep 28, 2009 direct indirect speech i am feeling ill. Indirect reported speech in interaction 169 the result is a vivid portrayal of a locution from a different occasion and footing goffman 1981, purporting to give the recipient access to. Indirect bob said that he was going to see his mother the next day. The purpose of this article is to suggest an alternative approach to the teaching of indirect, or reported, speech. Direct speech repeats, or quotes, the exact words spoken. In this post we are providing you the practice set 1 for the use of narration direct and indirect speech keeping in view the upcoming written exams narration is one of the important topics of english grammar. If the reporting verb in the direct speech statement is in present tense or future tense, then it remains same. If you want to download direct and indirect speech rules in pdf, you are at right place. Tenses of the verbs from the present forms to the past forms. Indirect speech will still share the same information but instead of expressing someones comments or speech by directly repeating them, it involves reporting or describing what was said.
Annie said, i would hate to miss the puppet show tonight. Indirect speech sometimes called reported speech, doesnt use quotation marks to enclose what the person said and it doesnt have to be word for word. The file contains direct and indirect speech rules for question sentences reported speech for tenses, imperative, optative and exclamatory sentences. Reported speech indirect speech in english summary. Indirect speech is speech which tells you what someone said, but does not use the. The quiz will test out your use of the two types of speech. There are different ways in which people can report what people have said in a given situation, and as discusses in class, this can either be using direct or indirect speech.
Resources and materials for esl teachers including free esl handouts and quizzes, pdf lesson plans, teacher articles and a directory of teaching and reference resources. In one of those situations, you should absolutely not change the time tenses. Cbse class 8 english grammar reported speech cbse tuts. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. For example, he said im coming is direct speech, whereas he said that he was coming is indirect speech. Using the verb say in this tense, indicates that something was said in the past. Direct and indirect speech rules free download as powerpoint presentation. An obvious difference is that with indirect speech, you wont use inverted commas. Direct and indirect speech general english grammar. James told his mother that he was leaving for new york the next day. Indirect speech for imperative and exclamatory sentences change in pronoun in indirect speech change in time and adverb in indirect speech.
This method is called indirect speech or reported speech. The conversion of indirect to direct speech generally presents no special difficulties. As a rule the simple past tense in the direct speech becomes the past perfect tense in indirect speech. Oct 26, 20 a sentence has been given in direct speech. One can report speech either directly repeating the. Direct and indirect speech english practice learn and. Direct speech when we use direct speech we quote the actual words said by the speaker. Indirect speech, also known as reported speech, is when words or phrases are reported in our own words. What else do we change in a sentence when changing it from direct to indirect. The influence of direct and indirect speech on mental. Language can be viewed as a set of cues that modulate the comprehenders thought processes. She said to me, thank you steven said, ashley must go tomorrow. Reported speech reported questions english grammar pdf worksheet author. Time expressions with reported speech sometimes when we change direct speech into reported speech we have to change time expressions too.
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